RJA #10b: Argument

Reason 1 It is inhumane to treat animals this way
evidence 1 Animals are treated more or less more like a commodity. They are born and raised in unrealistic living environments

Reason 2 Animals are given drugs to stimulate hunger & growth. This is unnatural and produces health problems within these animals
evidence 2

Reason 3 Some animals body's are manipulated to keep them from becoming a nuisance to the farmer
Evidence 3 Chickens beaks are cut off to keep them from peaking at other chickens, Pigs ears are cut to identify them

Reason 4 Slaughtering techniques are inhumane and unethical
Evidence 4 Cows are hit over the head, which is to knock them unconscious, but in most cases this does not work and they are slaughtered conscience

objection1 Industrial Framing creates a cheaper product for the consumer
refutation 1 By the time these farms get done paying their fines for animal cruelty the coast would be about the same

objection 2 Drug induced animals creates a better product and helps combat disease
refutation 2 When disease first came about was right at the time factory farming was created. The only reason these animals need these drugs that combat disease is because of there living environment

RJA #10a: Thesis Statement

Research Question: Are today farming practices inhumane?

Thesis Statement- Animal abuse is a common and known practice in today's farming industry. Industrial farming is a capitalistic business that has no regard for the over well being of their animals.

RJA #9: Evaluation of Sources

Periodical Articles
#1 From Red Barn to Facility: Changing Environmental Liability to Fit the Changing Structure of Livestock Production - http://aurarialibrary.worldcat.org/oclc/209788582&referer=brief_results
Source: CALIFORNIA LAW REVIEW

#2 Antibiotic Abuse in Animal Agriculture: Exacerbating Drug Resistance in Human Pathogens http://aurarialibrary.worldcat.org/oclc/363827878&referer=brief_results
Resources: 1 Aarestrup F Association between the consumption of antimicrobial agents in animal husbandry and the occurrence of resistant bacteria among food animals Int J Antimicrob Agents 1999; 12: 279-852 Aarestrup F, Seyfarth A, Emborg H Effect of abolishment of the use of antimicrobial agents for growth promotion on occurrence of antimicrobial resistance in fecal enterococci from food animals in Denmark Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2001; 45: 2054-93 Beuchat L, Ryu J Produce handling and processing practices Emerg Infect Dis 1997; 3: 459-654 Chiu C, Wu T, Su L The emergence in Taiwan of fluoroquinolone resistance in Salmonella enterica serotype choleraesuis N Engl J Med 2002; 346: 413-95 Falkow S, Kennedy D Antibiotics, animals, and people-again! Science 2001; 291: 3976 Fey P, Safranek T, Rupp M Ceftriaxone-resistant Salmonella infection acquired by a child from cattle N Engl J Med 2000; 342: 1242-97 Glynn M, Bopp C, Dewitt W Emergence of multidrug-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium DT104 infections in the United States N Engl J Med 1998; 338: 1333-88 Goldman E We need answers on anthrax 2001; Letters to the editor of the New York Times, November 2, 2001. Available at9 Gorbach S Antimicrobial use in animal feed-time to stop N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1202-310 Greko C Antibiotics as growth promoters Acta Vet Scand Suppl 1999; 92: 87-10011 Gustafson R, Bowen R Antimicrobial use in animal agriculture J Appl Microbiol 1997; 83: 531-4112 Hamer D, Gill C From the farm to the kitchen table: The negative impact of antimicrobial use in animals on humans Nutr Rev 2002; 60: 261-413 Hayes J, McIntosh A, Qaiyumi S High-frequency recovery of quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant Enterococcus faecium isolates from the poultry production environment J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39: 2298-914 Hilborn E, Mermin J, Mshar P A multistate outbreak of Escherichia coli O157:H7 infections associated with consumption of mesclun lettuce Arch Intern Med 1999; 159: 1758-6415 Jensen L, Hammerum A, Poulsen R Vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium strains with highly similar pulsed-field gel electrophoresis patterns containing similar Tn1546-like elements isolated from a hospitalized patient and pigs in Denmark Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999; 43: 724-516 Jukes T The history of the “antibiotic growth effectCloseCurlyDoubleQuote Fed Proc 1977; 36: 2514-817 Levy S The challenge of antimicrobial resistance Sci Amer 1998; 278: 46-5318 Lieberman P, Wootan M 1998; Available at19 Marwick C Animal feed antibiotic use raises drug resistance fear JAMA 1999; 282: 120-220 McDonald L, Rossiter S, Mackinson C Quinupristin-dalfopristin-resistant Enterococcus faecium on chicken and in human stool specimens N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1155-6021 Mead P, Slutsker L, Dietz V Food-related illness and death in the United States Emerg Infect Dis 1999; 5: 607-2522 Mellon M, Benbrook C, Benbrook K 2001; Available at23 Molbak K, Baggesen D, Aarestrup F An outbreak of multidrug-resistant, quinolone-resistant Salmonella enterica serotype typhinurium DT104 N Engl J Med 1999; 341: 1420-524 O'Brien T Emergence, spread, and environmental effect of antimicrobial resistance: How use of an antimicrobial anywhere can increase resistance to any antimicrobial anywhere else Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34: S78-8425 Shnayerson M, Plotkin M The Killers Within: The Deadly Rise of Drug-Resistant Bacteria (ISBN: 0316713317) Little, Brown, NY 2002; Chapter one available at26 Sieradzki K, Roberts R, Haber S The development of vancomycin resistance in a patient with methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus infection N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 517-2327 Smith K, Besser J, Hedberg C Quinolone-resistant Campylobacter jejuni infections in Minnesota, 1992-1998 Investigation Team 1999; 340: 1525-3228 Smith T, Pearson M, Wilcox K Emergence of vancomycin resistance in Staphylococcus aureus N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 493-50129 Solomon E, Yaron S, Matthews K Transmission of Escherichia coli O157:H7 from contaminated manure and irrigation water to lettuce plant tissue and its subsequent internalization Appl Environ Microbiol 2002; 68: 397-40030 S oslash rensen T, Blom M, Monnet D Transient intestinal carriage after ingestion of antibiotic-resistant Enterococcus faecium from chicken and pork N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1161-631 Swartz M Human diseases caused by foodborne pathogens of animal origin Clin Infect Dis 2002; 34: S111-2232 Thompson C, Fink D, Nguyen L Principles of microbial alchemy: Insights from the Streptomyces coelicolor genome sequence Genome Biol 2002; 3: REVIEWS102033 Wachtel M, Whitehand L, Mandrell R Association of E coli O157:H7 with preharvest leaf lettuce upon exposure to contaminated irrigation water J Food Prot 2002; 65: 18-2534 Wegener H, Aarestrup F, Jensen L Use of antimicrobial growth promoters in food animals and Enterococcus faecium resistance to therapeutic antimicrobial drugs in Europe Emerg Infect Dis 1999; 5: 329-3535 White D, Zhao S, Sudler R The isolation of antibiotic-resistant salmonella from retail ground meats N Engl J Med 2001; 345: 1147-5436 White D, Zhao S, Simjee S Antimicrobial resistance of foodborne pathogens Microbes Infect 2002; 4: 405-1237 Witte W Selective pressure by antibiotic use in livestock Int J Antimicrob Agents 2000; 16: S19-2438 Wu T, Su L, Chia J Molecular epidemiology of nalidixic acid-resistant campylobacter isolates from humans and poultry by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and flagellin gene analysis Epidemiol Infect 2002; 129: 227-3139 Yoshimura H, Ishimaru M, Endoh Y Antimicrobial susceptibilities of enterococci isolated from faeces of broiler and layer chickens Lett Appl Microbiol 2000; 31: 427-32

Websites:
#3 http://www.animalawareness.org/pages/types_farming.html


#4 Internet Public Library - http://worldfarming.com/


Books

#5 Review of the market structure of the livestock industry - http://aurarialibrary.worldcat.org/oclc/226050591&referer=brief_results


#6 Meat market : animals, ethics, & money By: Erik Marcus -http://aurarialibrary.worldcat.org/oclc/55962321&referer=brief_results

The articles, books and websites above seem to all have credible sources. The articles are scholarly journals and the websites that I choose to use seem to be a non bias source that provides factual evidence to support my topic.

RJA #8c: Multimedia

Multimedia
Keywords used : Factory Farming
Date of Search: 10/12/2009

Video Search Engines Blinkx.com
http://www.blinkx.com/videos/Factory+Farming
http://www.blinkx.com/video/factory-farming-montage/eewwkjuErWDCRiUL_PfaMw
http://www.blinkx.com/video/factory-farming-today/SKIhoWjy9q-HkP7xgI8SlQ

Video Search Engines VideoSurf
http://www.videosurf.com/video/factory-farming-56017741
http://www.videosurf.com/video/factory-farming-72998479

RJA #8b: Social Media

Social Media: Feed Mill
Keywords used: Factory Farming
http://feedmil.com/feedview?q=Factory+Farming&urlhash=7c34a5d3b21d60320529e6cfdd7f1b3e&v=

http://feedmil.com/feedview?q=Factory+Farming&urlhash=ad59459803f5c29a12e96f49ced2779e&v=

Social Media: Google Blog Search
Keywords used: Factory Farming
http://gajitz.com/could-pain-free-animals-end-factory-farm-suffering/
http://www.care2.com/news/member/364341163/1264305

Date of Search: 10/12/2009

RJA #8a: Websites

Websites

Search Engines: Google
Keywords used : Factory Farming
http://www.animalawareness.org/pages/types_farming.html
http://www.hsus.org/farm/
http://www.thewe.cc/weplanet/valued_life/humans_and_animals.htm

Meta and Multi Search Engines: Metacrawler
Keywords used: Factory Farming
http://www.factoryfarm.org/
http://www.sustainabletable.org/issues/factoryfarming/
http://www.hfa.org/about/index.html
http://www.idausa.org/facts/factoryfarmfacts.html

Directories: Internet Public Library
Keywords used: Factory Farming
http://worldfarming.com/

Invisible Web Search Tools: Incywincy
Keywords used: Factory Farming
http://members.fortunecity.com/ricardo005/Ricardo4you/id5.html
http://www.animalvoices.org/

Date of search : 10/12/2009

RJA #7c: Field Research Plan

I have decided for my filed research plan that I would go to a farm and see first hand how farms operate here in Colorado. I would like to find a local farm that produces a large quantity of either beef, chicken, or eggs. I would like to see how farms treat their animals and what the living situations include for these farm animals. If possible, I would like to interview one of the farmers on how production works, their opinion on how the animals are treated, what kinds of drugs are administered to their animals and the purpose of these drugs.

RJA #7b: Internet Research Tool Test

Resource searched: Incywincy http://www.incywincy.com
Keywords used: Animal Abuse, Factory Farming, Departmenmt of Agriculture, United States, Antibiotic Abuse, Health concerns, Rules and regulations, Animal Wellfare
Search strategies used (including operators and types of searches) Animal Abuse + Factory Farming, Departmenmt of Agriculture AND United States AND Antibiotic Abuse, Antibiotic Abuse + Health concerns, Departmenmt of Agriculture + Rules and Regulations, Animal Wellfare AND Factory Farming
Date of search: 10/05/2005
Number of hits
Relevance of hits (on a scale of 1 to 5)

RJA #7a: Internet Research Tools

The only search engine that I use is google. http://www.google.com Google typically gives me the information that I need as long as I have the proper knowledge on the subject that I am researching. However, if I am not knowledgeable on the subject that I am researching, it can become quite frustrating. It does not give me the information that I need and takes me much longer to find quality links that I can use. I will sometimes use Yahoo as a search engine but it is very rare if I do. http://www.yahoo.com I have become accustomed to using google. If I am doing a research assignment I use the auraria library website.http://library.auraria.edu/ The information that is availbile on auraria library website is more useful and is more credible then using a websites like google or yahoo when typing a research paper.

RJA #6c: Protopage

http://www.protopage.com/cmahana

RJA #6b: Search Strings

Animal Abuse + Factory Farming
Departmenmt of Agriculture + Animal Abuse
Departmenmt of Agriculture + Rules + Farming
Farming Practicies + United States
Animal + Food + Process
Antibiotic Abuse AND Animals AND Farming
Framing + Treatment + Animals
Health risk AND Farming